Word: carbons
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Chemist Midgley buckled down, with a corps of able assistants, in Frigidaire's Dayton, Ohio laboratory. Compound after compound was examined, tested, cast aside. Finally Chemist Midgley hit on dichlorodifluoromethane (carbon; chlorine; water; and the mineral, fluorspar). It was nonpoisonous, odorless, would not support flame. For the second spectacular time, Midgley had rung the laboratory bell...
...THAT BEFORE THE DAY OF TYPEWRITERS AND CARBON PAPERS...
...copper), Ness noticed that the little furnace did not burn out as soon as expected, discovered that lithium vapor was preventing oxidation of the steel. Then it was found that a little lithium lasted a long time because it was being chemically regenerated from its own oxide by the carbon monoxide present in the fuel gas. This discovery the Patent Office refused to believe until U.S. examiners went to the little brick laboratory in Newark, saw with their own eyes how lithium worked. Then they granted broad basic patents...
There are other controlled-atmosphere processes using pure nitrogen, ammonia gas, etc., and eliminating oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide. But the lithium system provides a neutral atmosphere so simple to handle that little skill is needed. Air and fuel gas are automatically circulated, picking up lithium vapor from a small, renewable cartridge about the size of a tin cup, which lasts for eight hours. As long as the exhaust gas burns with the bright scarlet flame characteristic of the spectrum of lithium salts, any workman not color-blind can see that the furnace is working properly...
...whole new family of plastics is based on the element silicon, rather than the element carbon which provides the chemical skeleton for the majority. These "silicones" are the result of research by Corning Glass Works (glass might be called a silicon plastic) and engineering by Dow Chemical Co. First uses, undoubtedly military, have not been disclosed. The silicones, solid or liquid, have one extraordinary property: an ability to stand extreme temperatures characteristic of their silicon parentage...