Word: carbons
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...important coal, cellulose, carbon black, industrial chemicals and foodstuffs...
...baking or brewing varieties, grown by germ culture methods in sugar or molasses. It may be served as a soup, powder, flake or paste, may be sprinkled on porridge, spread on bread, mixed with other foods. Its flavor is cautiously described as "palatable." It is rich in protein, carbon and sulfur, has a high vitamin B content...
...Advantages. Now on its way, Permanente may some day have advantages over other magnesium producers: its raw material costs average 4? a Ib. v. 14? for the ferrosilicon process used by Union Carbide & Carbon; its power costs are below those for the "sea water" process used by No. 1 U.S. magnesium-maker Dow Chemical. In the head-to-head battle of metals (steel v. aluminum v. magnesium, etc.) which will surely follow the Armistice, this will mean easy going for Permanente, tougher sledding for its competitors...
...help break up the complex hydrocarbon compounds and recombine them into more usable form. Catalytic cracking, with various catalysts and conditions of use, can be controlled to a far greater degree than the older thermal cracking, in which reactions are produced by high temperatures and pressure. But coke (carbon) is by the nature of the reaction deposited on the catalyst, affecting the speed and control of the process, and hitherto it has been necessary to call halts while the catalyst was burned off or a switchover was made to fresh catalyst...
...vapors and the "fluid" catalyst are forced under 10-lb. pressure through tiny holes into a reaction chamber at a temperature of around 800-975° F. In scant seconds the oil is cracked and the mixture-vapors, gases and carbon-coated catalyst-moves up through cyclone separators where the powder is dropped into a spent catalyst chamber. From there it flows into a regeneration chamber where a stream of air burns off the carbon at a temperature of 1,000-1,150° F. The powder, still moving, is cleaned of remaining gases in more cyclone separators...