Word: carbons
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Carbon monoxide is a noxious gas which binds hemoglobin and prevents the uptake of oxygen. When an athlete is exposed to moderate amounts of CO he may suffer headaches and nausea, decreased visual acuity and reduced maximal work rates. As a consequence, the athlete is not able to judge time intervals correctly and his response time is decreased. In addition the athlete risks coronary artery disease. Harvard athletes are exposed to significant amounts of carbon monoxide when exercising in Watson Rink or running along the Charles--and the effects are magnified due to their increased breathing rate...
...Watson Rink the ice cleaning machine and cigarette smoke produce unsafe carbon monoxide levels. Air testing has shown that at ice level the average carbon monoxide level was 63 parts per million (ppm) during game time and reached as high as 192 ppm during peak levels of activity...
...hard-breathing Harvard hockey team these levels are dangerous. For instance, a Harvard iceman whose ventilation rate reaches 25 litres per minute after 80 minutes, at exposures of 60 ppm will incur a 10 per cent carboxyhemoglobin level--10 per cent of his oxygen carrying hemoglobin is bound by carbon monoxide. This means that the Harvard player is receiving oxygen as if he were at 12,000 feet above sea level...
...these significant carbon monoxide levels the body is being seriously deprived of oxygen. The ability of a Harvard iceman to see a puck out of the corner of his eye is diminished. Other effects on the athletes' vision increase slowly. Furthermore, as the game progresses and the level of carbon monoxide rises, the athlete's maximal work output decreases--Harvard's hockey players are no longer able to perform as well, skate as fast or hit as hard. Thirdly, the player's ability to determine time intervals (i.e. the time from when he hears the slap of the puck...
Harvard hockey players are risking more than just poor performances. Research shows that those players with a family history of heart disease and who may now have latent coronary heart disease may develop abnormal heart rhythms. Secondly, exposure to the carbon monoxide levels found in Watson Rink, by increasing the arteries' permeability to fats, increases the frequency of atherosclerotic diseases...