Word: carbonyls
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Phosgene, synthesized early in the 19th century and also known as carbonyl chloride, is a colorless, highly toxic gas. It is used to make chemicals like MIC, as well as dyes and resins. Phosgene first gained infamy during World War I, when the Germans used it alone or with chlorine in deadly gas attacks. Later, the gas came to be widely used in the manufacture of pesticides...
Toxicologists have already worked on phosgene, herbicides and pesticides, and carbon tetrachloride, at least 16 metals and many of their compounds -even the paint on pencils that might have been used as swizzle sticks. For a few days nickel carbonyl (a versatile industrial chemical) was a prime suspect, but the first laboratory tests proved useless because of contamination. Some unofficial observers speculated that diazomethane, a gas used in making plastics, might have been spread around in some mysterious...
Unfortunately, mercury is only one of a galaxy of new-found environmental hazards. A Senate subcommittee was recently warned by Dr. Henry Schroeder of the Dartmouth Medical School that such substances as lead, cadmium and nickel carbonyl are "much more insidious" in their effect than pesticides or other polluters of air and water. It is possible, the Senators were told, that minute amounts of cadmium in humans can cause high blood pressure, while trace amounts of nickel carbonyl can cause lung cancer...
Lung Injurants are gases which cause pulmonary edema, which means that water pours into the lungs, suffocating or "drowning" the victim. Chlorine is a lung injurant. Phosgene (carbonyl chloride) is a much better one, not so irritating at first but ten times more toxic. This gas was first used by the Germans late in 1915 and then adopted by the Allies, while the Germans switched to diphosgene which is less stable than its chemical brother but easier to fill into shells. The phosgenes accounted for 80% of the War's fatal gas casualties. Nevertheless, it had a tell-tale...
...irritant gases" poisonous to the lungs in high concentrations. In this category are bromine, phosgene (carbonyl chloride), chlorine and cyanogen compounds. They are easily kept out by respirators and are no longer in military...
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