Word: carcinoma
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Today, as always, Maya Prabhu is above all things proper, and at all times dressed for a garden party. She dons a fairly ubiquitous hat ("I don't want melanoma or carcinoma by the time l'm 25, l'm lucky that hats are fashionable, but l'd wear them even if they weren't.") She often wears dresses, and with dresses, she always wears pantyhose. "That's just," she says, "the way I was brought...
Perhaps the most critical stage in the life of a tumor comes after it expands to about a million cells. At this point, it is "much smaller than a BB," says Dr. Judah Folkman of Harvard Medical School. This tiny mass -- known as a carcinoma in situ, literally cancer in place -- is malignant, but not yet dangerous. Why? Because the cells at the center of the tumor are too far from the bloodstream to obtain essential nutrients, they are less vigorous. Like a society with zero population growth, a carcinoma in situ adds about as many new cells...
Today, thanks to the widespread use of mammograms, breast tumors are being discovered earlier, before the cancer has spread. Now 60% of patients are "node negative," up from 50% 10 years ago. Increasingly, cancers are being found at a very early, localized stage, known as "in situ carcinoma" (cancer in place...
While early detection vastly improves the chances of a cure, it also raises questions for doctors. No one is certain how much treatment is right for in situ carcinoma. Nor is it easy to determine therapy for patients whose cancer has begun to spread but has not yet affected the lymph nodes. Experience has shown that up to 30% of these node-negative women will develop a recurrence. The question: Which...
...being conservative." The Epstein-Barr virus has been associated with a couple of types of cancer. In Central Africa and New Guinea, it has been linked to Burkitt's lymphoma, an immune-cell cancer that primarily strikes children. In southern China, the virus plays a role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, a malignancy of the nose and throat that afflicts more than 50,000 people a year. Retroviruses are known to cause cancer in a wide range of animals, from mice to chickens. In the early 1980s, Dr. Robert Gallo and his co-workers, as well as a group of Japanese researchers...