Word: cardiovascular
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...most dangerous times for heart attack and for all kinds of cardiovascular emergency - including sudden cardiac death, rupture or aneurysm of the aorta, pulmonary embolism and stroke - are the morning and during the last phase of sleep. A group from Harvard estimated this risk and evaluated that on average, the extra risk of having a myocardial infarction, or heart attack, between 6 a.m. and noon is about 40%. But if you calculate only the first three hours after waking, this relative risk is threefold...
...cardiovascular system follows a daily pattern that is oscillatory in nature: most cardiovascular functions exhibit circadian changes (circadian is from the Latin circa and diem, meaning "about one day"). Now, a heart attack depends on the imbalance between increased myocardial oxygen demand (i.e., a greater need for oxygen in your heart) and decreased myocardial oxygen supply - or both. And unfortunately, some functions in the first hours of the day require more myocardial oxygen support: waking and commencing physical activities, the peak of the adrenal hormone cortisol [which boosts blood-pressure and blood-sugar levels] and a further increase in blood...
...risk also higher during the last part of sleep? Usually, during the night, the cardiovascular system is "sleeping," which is characterized by low blood pressure and heart rate. But the last stage of sleep - REM, or rapid eye movement, sleep [when we believe most dreaming occurs] - is a risk period for cardiovascular emergencies because when you dream, you have a dramatic increase of activity of the autonomic nervous system - even more than when you are awake. Probably each of us can remember waking up in the morning sometimes feeling very tired. That's because during that stage of dreams...
...product or a compound is determined to be safe in a rodent, another species is used. For example, if it's a neurological compound, oftentimes the cat is the preferred model because the neurological system of the cat more closely mimics that of a human. If it's a cardiovascular study, it might be a dog (although dogs are not used as frequently as they might have been a decade ago, since scientists have determined that pigs also serve as excellent models for some cardiovascular work). Scientists really do try to go that extra mile to find the species that...
Lemon is part of a team of 700 technologists at Cleveland Clinic who are reinventing the hospital experience for health-care providers and patients alike. Renowned for its cardiovascular care, the medical center has also positioned itself as a leader in health-information technology at every level of patient care. The medical charts of nearly 5 million patients have been digitized, more than 3 million electronic prescriptions have been filled, and more than 120,000 patients regularly access their full health records online. And along the way, the team of doctors, nurses, Web developers and software engineers has improved safety...