Word: cargo
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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...roomy nose cone rode an extraordinary cargo: two young female monkeys, Able and Baker.* Monkey Able, a greyish, 6-lb. rhesus, was a graduate of a school at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research in Washington. D.C., where she and her classmates were taught to press a lever when a red light flashed. If the lever went unpressed, the monkeys got electric shocks in their furry behinds. Monkey Able was also conditioned to being strapped into a capsule, to wearing a miniature helmet and tolerating noise, vibration and the indignities attendant to the attaching of instruments to her body...
Telemetered Symptoms. As the Jupiter with its living cargo soared off, its transmitters radioed back a sheaf of telemetered information. Fourteen electronic channels reported the symptoms of Monkey Able, including her muscular reactions, heart sounds, temperature and respiration. There were only two failures: her electrocardiograph failed to work; at the last minute, the button that she was supposed to push had been disconnected before launch because the scientists found that it interfered electrically with other apparatus...
Biggest airline in the world is the U.S. Air Force's Military Air Transport Service. It is also one of the most controversial. In fiscal 1959 MATS will spend more than half of its $535 million budget to operate 533 transport planes, many of them flying cargo and passengers in direct competition with commercial U.S. carriers. Last week a MATS plan to add ten new Douglas DC-8 jets to its fleet at a cost of $66 million ran into a turbulent stream of industry, Administration and congressional opposition. Complained Pennsylvania's Democratic Congressman Daniel Flood...
...Berlin airlift, and in 1956 brought 6,409 Hungarian refugees to the U.S. in a matter of days. Their chief fear is that MATS, now commanded by Lieut. General Tunner. is getting farther and farther away from its combat-carrying function as it steps up military passenger and cargo business, which under established Government policy should go to commercial carriers. The airlines worry that jet passenger transports will be but the first step in converting MATS' $1.2 billion fleet of aircraft into a $3 billion jet operation that will take away even more commercial business. Pan American World Airways...
...Stewardesses. For fiscal 1959, MATS was directed by Congress to spend a minimum of $80 million on contracts to commercial carriers but actually spent only $69 million, 11% of its total budget. Hardest hit by MATS' competitive policy are the small all-cargo airlines, who depend on Government business, are part of the emergency air reserve counted on by the Government for war. Says William Gelfand, contract administrator for the Flying Tiger Line: "We don't say it is MATS' responsibility to keep any of us in business. But if the military is going to compete with...