Word: carrot
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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Seeing San Quentin was practically all the authorities let Jackson do. After a brief stay, he was transferred to Tracy. Having let him see the whip, they gave him the carrot...
From his childhood years. Skinner was mechanically inclined. He built roller-skate scooters, steerable wagons, rafts, water pistols from lengths of bamboo, and "from a discarded water boiler a steam cannon with which I could shoot plugs of potato and carrot over the houses of our neighbors." He also devised a flotation system to separate green from ripe elderberries, which he used to sell from door to door. Although his attempts to build a glider and a perpetual motion machine ended in failure, his innovative tinkering was to pay off handsomely in the laboratory in later years...
Related techniques involve what behaviorists call reinforcement and aversion therapy (TIME, March 7, 1969; and July 11, 1969). Basically, the methods depend on the old carrot-and-stick approach, which rewards desired habits and punishes unwanted ones. Male homosexuals, for example, may be given electric shocks when they look at pictures of nude men and granted relief from the shocks when they view female figures (see cut). "What we are doing," explains Reinforcement Therapist Ogden Lindsley of the University of Kansas, "is very similar to what progressive businesses do. We constantly monitor performance. But instead of improving sales...
...Carrot and Stick. The impasse added significance to another curious U.S. move: a quiet four-day visit to Israel last week by CIA Director Richard Helms. The Administration would say nothing about Helms' trip, but he conferred with Premier Golda Meir and the hierarchy of top officials. He also toured Israeli-occupied Sharm el Sheikh at the tip of the Sinai peninsula and the area around...
...visit appeared to be more of a political mission than a security check. One reason for it could be that President Nixon, who respects Helms' judgment highly, is presently pondering an Israeli request for additional military equipment. Israel is convinced that Washington is using such aid as both carrot and stick to force it into unwanted compromises. The Israelis told Helms that since the Soviets are moving inexorably southward toward East Africa and the Indian Ocean, establishing a naval presence and setting up ports of call and repair facilities, friendly nations such as Israel ought to be included...