Word: carskadon
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...kind of decision making has less to do with the frontal lobe than with the pineal gland at the base of the brain. As nighttime approaches and daylight recedes, the pineal gland produces melatonin, a chemical that signals the body to begin shutting down for sleep. Studies by Mary Carskadon at Brown University have shown that it takes longer for melatonin levels to rise in teenagers than in younger kids or in adults, regardless of exposure to light or stimulating activities. "The brain's program for starting nighttime is later," she explains...
...agree on a number of strategies to help keep kids on a healthy schedule. While it's tempting to reward children with a big chunk of free time after a long day at school, it's better to have them do their homework as early as possible. Says Mary Carskadon of Brown University: "They do need downtime, but it should be closer to bedtime." Parents should avoid overloading the calendar and limit extracurricular sports and lessons to one or two a week. Another thing to avoid is scheduling activities after...
...nation's top sleep researchers agree that most teenagers are more naturally inclined to sleep from 2 a.m. to noon than from 11 p.m. to 7 a.m. "What is happening to their biology may be preventing them and working against them going to bed earlier," Brown Professor Mary A. Carskadon told the Times. Teenagers, she added, are more likely to "feel better and perform activities later in the day and into the night, and feel worse doing things early in the morning...
...columns of figures or doing simple repetitive tasks like hitting buttons in a prescribed pattern. By the end of a week, people can be seriously impaired. "Driving home on Friday is a greater risk than on Monday, when you haven't been deprived of sleep all week," says Mary Carskadon, director of chronobiology at E.P. Bradley Hospital in Providence. And stopping at a bar with colleagues for a postwork drink can make the situation worse; studies show that it takes less alcohol to make people drunk when they are tired...
...most surprising recent discoveries concerns the sleep needs of adolescents. For years they were urged to get eight hours, the same as adults. No longer. Teenagers appear to require more than 9 1/2 hours. Carskadon found that to be the case when she studied a group of children every summer for seven years, from the time they were ages 10 to 12 until they turned 17 to 19. During the experiments, the youngsters got 9 1/2 hours of sleep each night. In the beginning years of the study, they experienced no problems during the day, but after they reached puberty...
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