Word: carta
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...River Thames 20 miles from London lies Runnymede, where King John in 1215 fixed his seal to a strip of parchment that Winston Churchill later called "the most famous milestone of our rights and freedom." That document was Magna Carta (Great Charter). Last week scores of bewigged and berobed British judges, in the company of dignitaries of foreign lands, gathered in London to celebrate Magna Carta's 750th birthday. The ceremonies were somber and simple. Australia's Prime Minister Sir Robert Menzies reminded the listeners that Magna Carta established that "the law is king." And American Bar Association...
Vitality & Life. Modern historians dismiss most of Magna Carta as something of a relic of 13th century feudalism, and most schoolboys read of it but never in it. Yet the remarkable thing about that venerable document is that it enunciated many of the brilliant first principles that give vitality to the U.S. Constitution and thus life to the law that affects and protects the great and the humble alike...
Chapter 12 of Magna Carta, for example, heralded the principle of "taxation through representation," indirectly inspired the American Revolution by providing that the King should levy no taxes except by "general consent" of the kingdom. Chapters 17 through 19 laid to rest the practice of meting out justice only through the King's traveling court, led to permanently based courts (Common Pleas, King's Bench, Chancery and Exchequer) set up to deal with everything from debts to divorces...
...greatest thing since the Magna Carta," cheered a New Jersey defense lawyer. "A black-letter day for law enforcement," mourned a Philadelphia prosecutor. Tossing out two New Jersey murder confessions, the U.S. Court of Appeals in Philadelphia had just ruled that even voluntary confessions are inadmissible whenever police fail to tell suspects that they have a right to counsel and to remain silent when questioned...
Last week in Bonn, after five years of committee hearings and debate, the Bundestag finally voted to deNazify corporate law. The sweeping reform legislation that it passed is virtually a stockholders' Magna Carta that will curb the power of industrial kings and guarantee the rights of stockholders. The law, which applies to publicly owned companies, should also provide German industry with a new flow of badly needed capital...