Word: carta
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...Signing of the Magna Carta...
...become a predictable pattern (aside from the city's prodigious capacity to re-invent itself time and time again), the citizens of the city fought for their rights during many nerve-fraught periods. Their successes are notable: the Usatges, for instance, dates from a century before the Magna Carta and is essentially a medieval charter of citizen's rights. In addition, the Consell de Cent (Council of One Hundred), in its day, was the oldest proto-democratic political body in Spain...
...sense of independence go back to the Middle Ages. There were menestrals -- shopkeepers and artisans -- on the Consell de Cent, or Council of One Hundred, the governing body of the city, in the 13th century. The city's charter of citizens' rights, the Usatges, or Usages, predates the Magna Carta by a century. And the Catalans' sense of otherness -- the separation, cultural and institutional, from the rest of Spain -- comes through loud and clear in the oath of allegiance their leaders swore to the Aragonese kings in the 15th century: "We, who are as good as you, swear...
They were the ones, after all, who invented English and, with the Magna Carta in 1215, took the West's first small steps toward democracy...
Laimbeer, the physical, nay, Neanderthalish Pistons power forward, has a point: the foundation, the cornerstone, the Magna Carta of sports is The Tryout. At a pro baseball game, players have tried out and made the team. The umps have gone through a rigorous process of schooling and elimination. Who knows? Maybe the best grass-snippers were selected to comprise the groundskeeping crews...