Word: carthaginians
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Falling Pillars. In all its flamboyant history, Tangier (pop. 180,000) had never been "just one more city," no matter what the nationality of its masters. It was here that Atlas stood, and Hercules formed his great pillars. Trade flourished under Phoenician, Carthaginian, Roman, Visigoth and Byzantine alike. The city was "the brightest jewel" in the crown of England's Charles II. It was coveted by the Portuguese, ruled by the Moors, shelled by the French, invaded by the Spanish-and fought over by just about everyone. When it was finally internationalized in 1923, it was the Mediterranean haven...
...centuries Leptis Magna was a lost, buried city. Founded by far-ranging Phoenician traders, it was a great port in Carthaginian times. Later it was allied to Rome, but the city fathers made the mistake of siding with Pompey against Julius Caesar. For this the city was fined 300,000 measures of oil annually. Later still it became the home town of a Roman emperor, Septimius Severus, who made it one of the grandest and wealthiest cities of the empire. Nubian slaves, lions for the Roman arenas, ivory and African gold flowed through Leptis Magna into the civilized world, until...
Early Life. Born Aug. 3, 1903, and reared in the ancient Carthaginian fishing port of Monastir, youngest of eight, grandson of an Arab nationalist who was a leader in a 19th century revolt against oppressive taxes. Educated at French lycées in Tunis, the Faculty of Law and School of Political Science in Paris (where he read Victor Hugo and argued about the Rights of Man). Married Mathilde Lorrain, a Frenchwoman he met in Paris. They have one son, Habib Jr., now Tunisia's Ambassador to Italy...
...Much archaeological work is done not by digging, but by patiently assembling data in a quiet study. Twenty-five years ago, Sir Gavin de Beer, now director of London's British Museum of Natural History, set himself the task of finding out how the army of Hannibal the Carthaginian crossed the Alps to invade Italy...
While tracing Hannibal through the Alps, Sir Gavin got interested in those elephants: Were they the African, he asked, or the Indian species? A coin-collecting friend gave the answer by showing him Carthaginian coins with big-eared elephants on them. Sir Gavin's conclusion: Hannibal's "tanks" came from Mauritania (Morocco), where elephants were plentiful...