Word: castello
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After the 1964 revolution that installed him in power, Brazilian President Humberto Castello Branco ruled the country with a pragmatic blend of democracy and dictatorial decrees. As time went on, the element of democracy became smaller and smaller. Last week, what little remained was at least temporarily shelved. In his "Complementary Act 23," Castello Branco closed Congress until Nov. 22, seven days after the upcoming congressional elections...
...Many. Thus ended a long, sometimes bitter tug-of-war that began 31 months ago, when Castello Branco declared war on corruption, graft and "anti-revolutionaries." Too often for congressional comfort, that label came to include legislators themselves, who found their mandates canceled. Not until last year did Congress finally stand up to the President; in a rare show of unity, it refused to vote Castello Branco sweeping new powers-including the right to close down Congress. So Castello Branco simply put the rules into effect by decree, and for good measure dissolved Brazil's 13 political parties...
...ARENA leader, registered his hot protest. "Only after consulting the directors of the House and the vote of the majority of the Deputies," Cardoso announced, "will I feel authorized to declare the extinction of the mandates." Congressional leaders promptly summoned Deputies back to Brasilia for a vote. Angrily, Castello Branco in effect ordered ARENA members to stay just where they were. "The cancellations are made and cannot be discussed by any power," he snapped emphatically. "They are being carried...
This year's shortage is somewhat artificial. Under Castello Branco, who came to power in the 1964 coup that overthrew Leftist Joao Goulart, the nation's 13 political parties were melded into two-an official government party known as ARENA and an official opposition party called MODEBRAS. Naturally, ARENA dominated Congress, and so when Castello Branco decreed that the next President would be elected by Congress, the opposition finked out. That left the field to Marshal Artur da Costa e Silva, 64, former War Minister, leader of the army's ultra-conservative "hard line...
Incredible Four. Costa e Silva will be elected this week and take office in March. But whether he can bring peace to the Brazilian family is another question. Opposition elements are already beginning to unite against any form of military rule, whether by Castello Branco or Costa e Silva. Even the deadliest of enemies are talking of joining forces in something called the Frente Ampla (Broad Front) to bring the soldiers down...