Word: castis
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...Britain and a Cambridge colleague of Stephen Hawking's. "There is little doubt that his ideas will change yours," wrote Seth Shostak, senior astronomer at the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute in California. "A magnificent one-stop account of the history of life," wrote complexity theorist John Casti, a co-founder of the Santa Fe Institute. Since then, Gardner has been welcomed at major planetariums and legitimate scientific conferences, explaining his ideas to a surprisingly interested public...
...Pope's lectures reaffirm a centuries-old Catholic belief, formalized in Pope Pius XI's 1930 encyclical Casti Connubii and Paul VI's 1968 encyclical Humanae Vitae. The Pauline document, which created a furor, declared that "every marriage act must remain open to the transmission of life." The reason: "In the plan of God" there is an "inseparable connection" between the "unitive meaning and procreative meaning" of the marital act. John Paul, when he was Bishop Karol Wojtyla, wrote an enthusiastic preface to the Polish edition of Humanae Vitae and was among the bishops who most vigorously...
...contraception did not become a serious issue until the 20th century, when improved techniques-and laxer morals-led to widespread use of birth control devices. By 1930 the Anglican Church hierarchy at the Lambeth Conference reluctantly accepted birth control. Reacting to this, Pope Pius XI issued his encyclical Casti Conubii (On Chaste Marriage), declaring that "the conjugal act is destined primarily by nature for the begetting of children. Those who in exercising it deliberately frustrate its natural power and purpose sin against nature and commit a deed which is shameful and intrinsically vicious...
...condemnations of birth control notably increased during the late 19th century, when such technological developments as vulcanized rubber made contraception cheap and easily available to the masses. With the growing acceptance of contraception in the secular world, the papal stance against birth control hardened, culminating in the 1930 encyclical Casti Connubii (On Christian Marriage). Reacting to the acceptance of birth control by the Anglicans' significant Lambeth Conference that year, Pope Pius XI declared, in accordance with the natural-law theory, that since the sexual act had a procreative intent, it was a violation of divine will to interfere with...
...Prophecy. Pius' encyclical Casti Connubii may have been the apogee of the church's denunciation of birth control. Five years after it appeared, German Theologian Herbert Doms was tentatively proposing a personalist theology of marriage that gave primacy to love rather than childbearing. Although the Vatican at the time criticized Doms's theories, papal statements on marriage were soon to shift emphasis. Even as he denounced "the pill" as immoral in 1951, Pope Pius XII strongly affirmed the spiritual values of sex. "The conjugal act," he said, "is a personal action, which, according to the word...