Word: cataloging
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...York City -- a small survey at the Studio Museum in Harlem and a larger one organized by the National Museum of American Art in Washington and now at the Whitney Museum of American Art -- are dedicated to the almost forgotten artist William H. Johnson (1901-70). As a fine catalog by Richard Powell makes clear, Johnson's life was one of the saddest in the annals of American art. A painter of genuine talent, he suffered most of his life from the consequences of being born black in a deeply racist America -- and, it seems, from a sense of alienation...
...fishing village. "I myself feel like a primitive man," he told an interviewer in 1935, echoing the modernist founding fathers (Gauguin, Van Gogh), "like one who is at the same time both a primitive and a cultured painter." In essence, as the sculptor Martin Puryear points out in the catalog, European modernism let Johnson see himself anew; it provoked him into negotiating "his racial dilemma as a black artist moving between several worlds, on terms that are never stable...
...unlikely that this show will force a sudden rewriting of American art history. No judgment by aesthetic, rather than racial, criteria can make him into a lost "great American painter," though certainly he was a good one. The show, and in particular Powell's detailed catalog -- a benchmark in the study of black American art -- do open a door for Johnson's entry into that history, even though Powell's claim that Johnson was a kind of black Marsden ; Hartley, discovering full identification with his people through folk culture, passing from a "narrow and skewed" Eurocentric primitivism to a fully...
...such systems is that they can deal with only relatively small vocabularies -- usually a few dozen words at a time. But that's enough to take orders at fast-food restaurants or to handle toll-free calls in which a customer must choose from a fixed list of catalog items, airline flights or bank transfer options. More than $150 million worth of voice-recognition systems were sold in the U.S. last year, according to Voice Information Associates, a research firm in Lexington, Mass., and the market is growing more than 40% a year. The big breakthrough will come when computers...
...Armory Show -- Bellows' first sight of modern European painting en masse -- seems to have provoked the change that came over his work after 1914. Actually, Bellows was given to sudden shifts of style, but as the art historian Michael Quick points out in the show's useful catalog, his response to the transatlantic avant-garde was to get interested in theory, a fact that "removes Bellows from the Ashcan School context and places him among the modernist painters of his generation...