Word: catalonia
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...contretemps over Leninism reached a peak during a recent conference of the Catalan branch of the party, the so-called United Socialist Party of Catalonia (P.S.U.C.), which pulled in almost a third of the 1.6 million Communist votes in last June's elections, taking eight of the 20 Communist seats in the 350-member Congress of Deputies. With Carrillo looking on unhappily, a majority of P.S.U.C. delegates declared against Thesis XV, not just because of ideological considerations, but because so major an issue had not been permitted enough discussion. They tried "Stalinist methods to democratize the party," grumbled...
...Second Vatican Council in 1965. Other changes were triggered by the economic boom of the 1960s, which made Spain the world's ninth largest industrial power and spurred a major rural-population shift. Immigrants from the poor south and Galicia moved to Madrid, the industrial Basque provinces and Catalonia. In 1960 four out of 100 families owned a car; today...
Basques are the most adamant in demanding regional autonomy (akin to U.S. states' rights). But these sentiments are echoed in Catalonia and to a lesser degree in Galicia, Andalusia and the Canary Islands. There is widespread support for the right of these areas to make their own basic decisions on education, public works and taxes...
Under these conditions, the Lincoln Brigade fought with the other groups in the international column--the Garibaldi Brigade from Italy, the Mazaryk Brigade from Czeckoslovakia--around Madrid at Jarama and Brunette, at Belchitte, Quinto, Catalonia and at the Aragon Front...
Beyond the military actions, political questions about the Civil War have split leftists. In Homage to Catalonia. Orwell claims the Communists rejected the opportunity for socialist revolution, and instead allied with the bourgeois classes against the anarchists and lost the support of the peasants. Nelson calls Orwell's book the worst work on the civil war any says. "Orwell gave a distorted view of what the forces were in Spain. He expected socialist revolution. Actually the struggle in Spain was to defeat fascism and save the Republic...