Word: catalonians
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Nelson and most of the other veterans still retain a special concern for Spain. He sees "a very hopeful situation there" because a variety of forces are weakening the fascists' power. Franco died two years ago, Basque and Catalonian nationalists oppose the central government, the Church has separated from the fascists, the trade union movement has gained strength, and the present government recently gave Communist party the legal right to exist...
...from his modest, mauve stucco Zarzuela palace near Madrid. "What can the man do?" shrugged a Communist leader. "He is the lackey of the system." Replied a high government official: "Patience. Patience. The post-Franco era has barely begun." Then, after ugly rioting in industrial Barcelona, the capital of Catalonian separatism, the palace announced that the royal couple would make a number of tours to the disparate regions?starting with Catalonia...
FROM THE ONSET of industrialization in the late nineteenth century, Spain was the only European country where the Anarchists flourished. Marxist socialism was a "civilized" import that came later, hailing the eventual benefits of modernization and preaching gradualism. But landless Andulusian Farm hands and Catalonian textile workers were Anarchists until 1939--they dreamed of a collective society run by ordinary people and not by petty officials. The Socialists and Communists controlled Madrid during the Civil War, and the city knew no internal disorder. In Barcelona, where Anarchist workers held sway, there was revolution...
...guitar played after a day's labor in the fields; the gnarled branches of the olive trees that cluster throughout the sun-beaten hills. It is the legend of the independence of the leather-skinned Basque farmer, of the fiery spontaneity of the Andalusian anarchist, of the Catalonian workers who stopped work two hours one day to listen to Pablo Casals play the cello on the radio. It is a nation struggling to extricate itself from a destiny of solitude, to establish peace with itself and end its perpetual suffering...
...Casals was not a political artist; he cared little for ideology, and he refused to play in Soviet Russia as well as Fascist Spain. Casals was "fundamentally a Catalonian peasant," a Spanish refugee teaching at the University of Puerto Rico told Bernard Taper of the New Yorker in 1961. Like peasants elsewhere, Casals had a seemingly infinite capacity for endurance, and thinking of the reasons some Vietnamese peasants give for opposing American-backed dictators--those peasants who say they're interested not in politics but in peace, who are motivated not by ideology but just by hatred for torturers...