Word: causally
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...need studies that establish the causal effect between health insurance and health effects, and I’m not convinced that this study does that,” Chandra said...
...previous research on the effects of depression and acne drugs suggests the authors may be onto something: we know, for example, that antidepressants can improve acne. We also know that a widely used drug that treats acne, Accutane (isotretinoin), has been associated with an increase in depression, although no causal link has been established...
...brain, and the mind it creates, is designed to seek out patterns in the environment, to interpret those patterns in a meaningful way and to look for causal mechanisms that can explain those patterns. In general, that leads to natural models of the world, but it can also lead you to a supernatural view, which is simply any explanation that goes beyond what we currently understand as the natural boundaries...
...that anesthesia may also put babies at greater risk for cognitive problems later in life, according to Wilder's latest findings. The author is quick to point out, however, that the data are preliminary and do not necessarily suggest a direct or definitive causal link between anesthesia and learning disabilities, only an association. "We clearly have not demonstrated that anesthetics are the cause of learning disability," says Wilder. "We don't want this to alarm the public to the point they aren't giving children appropriate medical care." It could be dangerous to deny children surgery to spare them...
...added element of a player’s interaction. Studies may have found corollary evidence linking violent games to violent behavior, but, as anyone who has taken even the most basic statistics class can remind us, correlation does not equal causation, and there is no convincing evidence of a causal effect here. There are simply too many lurking variables—socially awkward teenagers may play violent video games, but so do many perfectly happy teens. We cannot prove that playing the games somehow morphs teens into serial killers...