Word: cd4
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Dates: during 2000-2009
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...entry into a cell. Scientists know that in order for HIV to establish an infection, it first needs to make contact with the right cells. They also know that HIV binds very quickly to a particular section on the surface of a type of immune cell known as CD4. You can think of these points of entry as windows or doors into the cell; in order to get inside without destroying the cell (which has machinery the virus needs to reproduce itself), HIV has to find and pick the lock. To do this, it links simultaneously to an adjacent section...
Trimeris' compound, called T-20, blocks the final structural contortion from taking place. For this reason it and a second candidate, T-1249, are known as fusion inhibitors. Progenics has been testing a different type of entry inhibitor, a molecular decoy for CD4 whose job is to find, bind and lure HIV away from the real CD4 cells...
...things are looking up, thanks to advances in immunology that have spurred the creation of a new generation of drugs. It is becoming clear that a cell called CD4, or helper T cell, is a key player in both healthy and autoimmune responses. "T-cell activation--like the branches of government--is controlled by a series of checks and balances," explains Dr. C. Garrison Fathman, a clinical immunologist at Stanford University...
...eaten, latches on to a helper T cell and "presents" it with a target molecule, instructing the T cell to prepare its troops for war. This activation is tightly controlled; it cannot occur without the lockstep interaction of several proteins on both cells--one of which is known as CD4...
...dozen new biotech medicines. IDEC Pharmaceuticals in San Diego, Calif., for example, has zeroed in on the interactions between helper T cells and APCs to develop antibody drugs against lupus and RA. Their anti-RA antibody selectively switches off T cells involved in autoimmune responses by binding the CD4 molecule on their surfaces. Amgen, of Thousand Oaks, Calif., has developed a drug that works by blocking Interleukin-1, another molecule that promotes inflammation...