Word: ceausescu
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Hungary and Rumania were never very neighborly, but relations have worsened since 1974, when Dictator Nicolae Ceausescu launched a nationalistic campaign to distract Rumanians from economic problems. As Rumanian authorities closed Hungarian-language schools in Transylvania, changed Hungarian place names to Rumanian ones, and forcibly relocated families, Hungarian diplomats quietly attempted to intervene...
...growing number of ordinary Hungarians, one-third of whom have relatives in Transylvania, called for more decisive action. With the approval of reform-minded Mikhail Gorbachev, Budapest endorsed vitriolic attacks on the Ceausescu regime in the semi-official press. In January the Hungarian government legalized the status of the refugees already spilling across the border; two months later parliament voted $6 million to pay for resettlement programs in cooperation with church groups and the Hungarian Red Cross...
...Raisa's disadvantages is the lack of precedent. Lenin's wife Nadezhda Krupskaya was similarly well educated and strong willed. But she was a prominent revolutionary before she married and never played the part of First Lady. Contemporary examples elsewhere in the Communist world are uninspiring: in Rumania Nicolae Ceausescu's widely reviled wife Elena; in China the disgraced Jiang Qing, Mao Zedong's widow. Leonid Brezhnev's daughter Galina, once hailed as the East bloc's answer to Jacqueline Kennedy, later achieved notoriety by associating with shady characters...
...begin suspending payments on $2.2 billion worth of debt to the World Bank to protest that institution's policy of adding the costs of currency fluctuations to its payback schedule. Meanwhile, authorities announced that leaders of last month's highly unusual protest against the repressive regime of President Nicolae Ceausescu, as well as the management of the factory where the demonstration started, had been fired from their jobs and face prosecution...
...Ceausescu, for his part, indicated that he would not be cowed by Moscow's new boy. The regime ordered eight Western journalists turned back at the airport. Because the international press is usually granted access to Rumania, some diplomatic observers interpreted the abrupt about-face as both a retaliation for past critical reporting and a calculated swipe at Gorbachev's beloved glasnost campaign. "This is not openness," said U.S. Ambassador Warren Zimmerman. "This is closedness...