Word: celling
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Trial & Error. Although Cameron and his colleagues have come to agree that all cancer cells must have a common vulnerability, the search for a killer drug has been costly, timeconsuming. It is likely that only when the chemical peculiarities of cancer cells are known, said Cameron, "can we interrupt the process for reproduction by interposing chemicals to block the cancer cell's required 'food.' " Currently, researchers must apply one chemical compound after another to each of a dozen types of animal tumors. Once a drug seems effective, it is put through an exhaustive series of tests...
Last week, in the trial's 13th month. Leon Jungschlaeger waited out the closing weeks in a 5-ft.-by-9-ft. cell in Djakarta's Tjipinang Prison. Said the International Commission of Jurists: "It is abundantly clear . . . that the accused Jungschlaeger has not been accorded a fair trial." As the prosecutor delivered his rebuttal, Indonesian Judge Gustaaf Adolf Maengkom nodded approvingly from time to time. After all, six months ago he had told a reporter: "I know this man is guilty...
...test tubes of research labs this month with claims of far-reaching discoveries about the cause of cancer and, in particular, the mechanism of leukemia, cancer's blood brother. The biggest claim was filed by Nobelman Otto Warburg, head of Berlin's famed Max Planck Institute for Cell Physiology. Said Warburg, as translated in Science: ¶ The cancer process begins when cells are injured by being starved of oxygen...
...David Nachmansohn showed that the enzyme cholinesterase (one of the body's catalysts) is essential for the transmission of nerve impulses. Trying to learn more about cholinesterase, Biochemist Irwin B. Wilson discovered that nerve gases (and certain insecticides) cause death by adding to the nerve cell's cholinesterase something that damages it. The something is a phosphoryl that destroys the nerves' ability to transmit impulses to muscles...
...with this knowledge, Dr. Wilson tried several known compounds as antidotes. They did not work fast or well enough, so he and a research team set out to design a completely new compound that would reactivate cholinesterase by getting close to the phosphoryl group and removing it from the cell's protein. PAM got its test when hundreds of mice were exposed to one of the most deadly nerve gases, then given shots of the compound. The results, reported the researchers, were "dramatic and certain." Not a mouse died. Since protein structure is the same in humans and mice...