Word: celling
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Single-mindedly, the AIDS virus ignores many of the blood cells in its path, evades the rapidly advancing defenders and homes in on the master coordinator of the immune system, a helper T cell. On the surface of that cell, it finds a receptor into which one of its envelope proteins fits perfectly, like a key into a lock. Docking with the cell, the virus penetrates the cell membrane and is stripped of its protective shell in the process. Within half an hour, the strand of RNA and an enzyme the virus carries with it are floating in the cytoplasm...
...Rome, and Stanley Cohen, 63, at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, won the 1986 Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine. The pair, who met in St. Louis in 1953 at Washington University, found the first of the body's many "growth factors": proteins that guide the development of immature cells. Said Nobel Committee Member Kerstin Hall: "Every single discovery in the field of cell growth factors has followed closely in the footsteps of Levi-Montalcini and Cohen...
...showed that the mysterious substance was also present in snake venom and mouse salivary glands. It was left to Cohen, a pipe-smoking individualist, to extract the first pure samples of the protein now known as nerve growth factor. Later, working separately, Cohen discovered epidermal growth factor, which governs cell development in the skin. He also located a protein on the surfaces of cells that acts as a receptor...
...University in 1980, Patricia Lara, a citizen of Colombia and a reporter for her country's leading newspaper, El Tiempo, has returned often to the U.S. Last week she was headed for her alma mater to attend an awards dinner. Instead she landed in a New York City jail cell, where she was held for five days before being put on a plane and sent back to Bogota. Lara, 35, had been detained upon arrival at New York's Kennedy Airport by immigration officials who discovered that she was in their "lookout book," a list of some 40,000 people...
Discovery of the genes, Dryja predicts, will within a year's time result in accurate prenatal and childhood diagnostic tests for retinoblastoma. The next step, he says, will be to find and synthesize the protein ordered by the genes, the one that prevents wild cell proliferation. This still unknown protein might one day be administered to those lacking the gene and could act to halt the disease. Eventually, advances in gene therapy might even lead to a cure, perhaps through the use of bioengineered viruses that would ferry copies of the healthy gene to the cells of a retinoblastoma victim...