Word: celling
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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...think about work in progress in the laboratory of Seymour Benzer of the California Institute of Technology. Benzer made the first detailed map of a gene's interior, and he and his student Ronald Konopka discovered the first so-called clock gene, which ticks away inside virtually every living cell, helping tell our bodies where we are in the daily sweep from morning to night. Now, at 77, Benzer is searching through our genes for a sort of clock of clocks that tells us where we are in the sweep from the cradle to the grave and decides how fast...
...couldn't really work on well before, whether it's osteoporosis or Alzheimer's." Nor will these drugs simply attack symptoms, as aspirin does. "That's a chemical crutch," he says. In the new genomics, as Haseltine calls it, "it's the human gene, the human protein, the human cell--and not the chemical--that is used as the medicine...
...Hospital in Boston. "I've been burned too many times by categorically ruling something out. And yet I can't imagine that 20 years from now human-brain transplants will be possible. The connections required are just too complex; they number in the millions. But the future of brain-cell transplants--that's another matter...
...medical science has had only mixed results with brain-cell transplants. Take the treatment of Parkinson's disease, for example, a condition that is gradually depriving more than 1 million Americans of their ability to move and speak. The disease is caused by the slow deterioration of brain cells that produce dopamine, a chemical essential for the transmission of messages from the brain to the rest of the body. A decade ago, Swedish researchers started implanting dopamine-producing cells from human fetuses into the brains of Parkinson's patients. The treatment improved the mobility of many of the patients...
...Decade of the Brain proclaimed by President George Bush draws to a close, neuroscientists are increasingly sanguine that in George Jr.'s lifetime, brain-cell transplants may reverse, if not cure, a host of neurological diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's, as well as brain damage caused by strokes and head injuries. Even a year ago, such a sweeping claim might have been dismissed as nonsense. But that was before last fall's discovery that the fetal human brain contains master cells (called neural stem cells) that can grow into any kind of brain cell. Snyder extracted these...