Word: celling
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Looking at the numbers, Ho saw more than just another member of the growing arsenal of ARV cocktails. Each of the ARVs focuses on thwarting just one of several different steps in HIV's infection process. Ibalizumab works at the critical juncture where the virus meets a healthy CD4 cell - a critical component of the immune system - essentially interposing itself between the two and preventing infection. If ibalizumab was so good at tamping down HIV in AIDS patients who were already infected, then maybe it could be tweaked to prevent AIDS in the first place. In other words, maybe...
What the ADARC scientists are struggling to achieve is a thorough understanding of how ibalizumab operates and how they can control those machinations. The CD4 cell is a bit like an immunological sentinel, endowed with the ability to recognize snippets of various pathogens, from common influenza to HIV, and mark them for destruction by other cells. Once attached to a CD4, HIV begins an intricate series of steps to gain entry into the cell. Ibalizumab is able to disrupt this intricate molecular choreography by binding to the CD4 and serving as an immunological snare. With the antibody stuck...
...believes ibalizumab is more agile than that. CD4, it turns out, is like a marina with several docks; HIV berths in one, and ibalizumab in another, leaving the cell free to fight other pathogens. "If CD4's binding site to HIV is with its nose, then this antibody is binding to the back of CD4's neck," Ho says. That means the cell's ability to function as a pathogen troller is not impaired by being coupled to ibalizumab. "There is a solid scientific rationale for what they are attempting to do," says Harvard's Walker...
...medical mystery. In the summer of 2008, a man and woman, both in their 20s and both cocaine users, were separately admitted to a Canadian hospital with unremitting fevers, flulike symptoms and dangerously low white-blood-cell counts. Their symptoms were consistent with a life-threatening immune-system disorder called agranulocytosis, which kills 7% to 10% of patients and is rare except in chemotherapy patients and those taking certain antipsychotic medications...
...9/11 attacks, the hijackers and their bosses took dozens of international flights and repeatedly opened U.S. bank accounts under their own names. Al-Qaeda operated a document center at the Kandahar airport. All that would be virtually impossible today, as hordes of counterterrorism officials scrutinize financial transactions and cell-phone calls, and drones track al-Qaeda leaders around the clock. And while government no-fly lists remain flawed, at least they exist. Today, the number of suspected terrorists prohibited from boarding a plane in the U.S. is about 4,000. Before Sept. 11, according to al-Qaeda expert Peter Bergen...