Word: centralized
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...question of dullness or excitement, but survival in the urban jungle. Properly dissatisfied with the inferior education that most of their children were receiving, the city's Negroes long ago began pressing for local control of schools in black neighborhoods. With encouragement from Lindsay, the Central School Board last year grudgingly met them part way, offering black communities limited autonomy in three experimental districts. If the districts succeeded, the prospect was that the entire school system-a "pathological bureaucracy" in the words of New York University Professor David Rogers-would in time be decentralized so that parents all over...
Though it must have realized the implications of the experiment, the Central Board, incredibly enough, never told the three experimental boards precisely what powers they had. Thus, the Ocean Hill-Brownsville district in Brooklyn felt that it was well within its rights in transferring 19 professionals last spring for supposed "sabotage." Union President Albert Shanker, 40, angrily called his teachers out of the area in protest, and the district hobbled along with a handful of nonstriking teachers and bewildered volunteer helpers for the rest of the academic year. The Negro community vowed that none of the 350 strikers would ever...
...heavy emphasis on the Ivy League-"I'm a bum," quips one principal, "but all my teachers wear Brooks Brothers suits"-they come early and stay late, refusing to bow to the stale pedagogic commands that emanate from 110 Livingston Street, the Board of Education's central office in Brooklyn. Many have attended law school, and regular teachers complain bitterly that they are in Ocean Hill only to escape the draft...
...teachers' rights be protected as the system is decentralized? It should be possible to work out intermediate stages between completely local and completely central control, thus combining both teachers...
There was not even much reason to cheer last week as Hungarian, Polish and Bulgarian troops, and the first Russians, began to depart. The East Germans had already gone home. But some 75,000 Soviet troops will remain stationed along a central line that virtually cuts the country in half, and 60 guns still ring Prague. The one major concession that the Soviets made in the treaty governing the "temporary" stationing of their troops in Czechoslovakia carried an ominous loophole. The status-of-forces clause in the treaty provided that Czechoslovak law should apply to occupying soldiers as well...