Word: cern
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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Following his directorship at CERN from 1961-65. Weisskopf returned to MIT to teach before retiring...
...Weisskopf joined MIT's faculty as a professor of physics. He subsequently took a leave of absence when he was appointed the fourth director-general of CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, an international collaboration of scientists dedicated to the peaceful use of atomic knowledge...
...photons transmit the electromagnetic force. But bosons are more elusive than photons. Although nearly 100 times as heavy as protons, they could not be forged in any existing accelerator. While physicists in the U.S. and elsewhere began designing new machines, Rubbia, who divides his time between Harvard and CERN, the French acronym for the Geneva-based European Organization for Nuclear Research, decided that there must be an easier, cheaper way. He persuaded CERN to let him modify its major accelerator, the Super Proton Synchrotron, to achieve higher energies. Instead of sending nuclear bullets, protons, barreling into a fixed target...
...detectors had to be devised that could spot a single boson. (In a typical run, the scientists figured that they would get just one boson in a billion collisions. It would also be extremely shortlived, vanishing in less than a billionth of a billionth of a second.) When the CERN machine went back on line last fall, reaching energies of more than 540 billion electron volts, Rubbia's team identified at least five collisions that indicated the presence of both W+s and W¯s. They did not, however, find...
...CERN team, which included physicists from Austria, Switzerland, the United States, Italy, France, and Britain, was able to produce the subparticle by accelerating protons and their antimatter twins, antiprotons, in opposite directions around an underground ring which lies beneath parts of France and Switzerland. The W particles were produced when the protons and antiprotons collided, creating a blast of energy in the ring, which is four miles in circumference...