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Rubbia also does the bulk of his research work outside of the United States at the European Laboratory for Particle Physics in Geneva (CERN...
Generously illustrated with color photographs of Soviet warships at sea and drawings of missiles blasting off, the 136-page report singled out as particular causes for con cern the continuing deployment of SS-20 missiles (the current total: 243 launchers aimed at Western Europe and 135 launchers in Asia), the modernization of the SS-18 and SS-19 intercontinental missiles, the testing of two new strategic weapons called SS-X-24 and SS-X-25, and the imminent deployment of three long-range cruise missiles...
...findings at the other end of those searching instruments have excited the entire scientific world. In the past four years, Fermilab's major overseas rivals, notably CERN (the European Organization for Nuclear Research), located outside Geneva, have discovered a group of new particles that helps confirm what physicists call the standard model. This divides matter into two basic types of particles: quarks, which are the building blocks of protons, neutrons and other "heavy" components of the atomic nucleus; and leptons, exemplified by "light" particles like the electron...
Physicists have long known that the photon, or light particle, was the carrier of electromagnetism. In 1979 in Hamburg, West Germany, they discovered the gluon, which conveys the strong force. This year CERN scored its crowning achievement by confirming the existence of three particles, the W+, W-and Z°, known collectively as intermediate vector bosons. They were predicted to be the agency of the weak force. That feat was a coup for a resurgent European physics community struggling to get back on its feet after World War II. It also irritated American scientists, who had regarded themselves...
Following his directorship at CERN from 1961-65. Weisskopf returned to MIT to teach before retiring...