Word: cervix
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Dates: during 1980-1989
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...particularly in the tropics, and snipped the foreskins of uncircumcised soldiers and sailors. After the war, circumcising infant boys became routine, and not only for hygienic reasons. Circumcised males were said to be less susceptible to penile cancer and their sexual partners less likely to get cancer of the cervix...
...earlier one detects cervix or breast cancer, the better the chance of curing," he said. But he added that "this does not hold for other cancers, such as lung tumors...
...fallopian tubes, where conception occurs. The diaphragm is a thin rubber shield held in place against the vaginal wall by the tension of its springy rim. The cap is a thicker, thimble-shaped rubber or plastic cup that fits snugly around the neck of the uterus, the cervix, and is kept in place by suction. Both devices are used with spermicidal cream or jelly...
Cervical caps have a long and colorful history. Women in the ancient Far East covered the cervix with cups molded of opium or oiled silky paper. In the 18th century, Casanova advised women to use halves of squeezed lemons. The modern version was developed in 1838 by F.A. Wilde, a German gynecologist. It gained widespread acceptance in Europe but never caught on in the U.S., although it was thought to be as reliable as the diaphragm. A major reason: Birth Control Pioneer Margaret Sanger championed the diaphragm...
...only to women enrolled in research studies. The agency notes that no major published work on the caps' safety and effectiveness has appeared since 1953. Says Dr. Lillian Yin of the FDA: "We just don't know if there will be a problem with abrasion of the cervix, and we don't know what will be the rate of infection or the long-term problem with tissue erosion." But critics charge that the FDA is being overcautious. Dr. D.J. Patanelli of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which will sponsor a three-year study...