Word: cesium
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Dates: during 1930-1939
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...tiny high pressure laboratory, Professor Bridgman has produced forms of bismuth, gallium, calcium, strontium, barium, and cesium which have never been seen before. As in the case of red and yellow forms of sulfur that are seen under ordinary pressures, he has made forms of these elements that differ from their usual forms in appearance and in physical properties...
...Zworykin sender the image to be televised falls on a small sheet of mica covered with millions of microscopic dots of photosensitive cesium. Each tiny dot receives an electric charge according to the amount of light that falls on it. A beam of electrons shot from a cathode tube and controlled by rapidly oscillating magnetic fields weaves back & forth across the sheet of mica 6,000 times per second. The beam discharges the electropositive tension in the dots, and the changing pattern of this discharge modulates a current passing through the sheet. The modulated current, fed into a radio transmitter...
...best in the tiny arena where the gigantic crush is finally focused, steel is likely to bulge like butter. Squeezed by 300 tons per sq. in., some of the contraction of a substance is due to a shrinkage of the atoms themselves. The complex atom of cesium shrinks most of all metals. Of 48 metals under high pressure, 39 become better conductors of electricity. Iron grows softer, glass harder. Squeezed water turns solid (''ice") in five different forms, one of which does not melt until heated to nearly 212°F. Under the increased pressures announced last week...
...Hopkins of the University of Illinois found Element No. 61 among some rare earths and named it illinium (TIME, March 22, 1926). After illinium, which existed in too small quantities to be, put to commercial use, only No. 85 which must resemble iodine and No. 87 which must resemble cesium remained vacant in Mendeleyeff's Periodic Table...
...nature of elements. Thirty-nine of 48 pure metals which Professor Bridgman has squeezed become better conductors of electricity the greater the pressure. Iron becomes more rigid, glass less rigid. Zinc crystals compress seven times as much in one direction as in another. Most compressible of metals is cesium, presumably because its atom is highly complex. The greater the pressure on rocks, the greater the heat needed to melt them...