Word: cfc
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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India, which in the early 1970s invested heavily in the purchase of Western refrigeration technology, today not only manufactures its own refrigerators but exports CFC compressors. Says Ashish Kothari of Kalpavriksh, India's best- known environmental group: "Our development strategies cannot be sacrificed for the destruction of the environment caused by the West." And then there is the cost of changing technologies. "India recognizes the threat to the environment and the necessity for a global burden sharing to control it," says Maneka Gandhi, former Minister of the Environment, who represented India at the Montreal Protocol negotiations. "But is it fair...
...task is also daunting in the rapidly developing countries of China and India. Together they now contribute 3% of the world's burden of ozone- depleting chemicals, but their potential demand for CFC products is so great that without the cooperation of both countries, any plan to heal the ozone hole is destined to fail. China's 800 million consumers, encouraged by more than 10 years of economic reform, are ravenous for luxury items such as aerosol cosmetics and air conditioners, and Chinese industry cannot make them fast enough. In the early 1980s China produced 500,000 refrigerators a year...
Both India and China refused to sign the original Montreal Protocol, but they were placated by the creation in 1990 of a special $240 million fund, financed by the developed countries, to help developing nations switch to CFC- free technologies. China signed the revised protocol last year, and India now expects to follow suit. The U.S. initially balked at the idea of ozone- linked foreign aid but agreed to put up 25% of the money after language was added to the agreement stipulating that American willingness to help countries pay for CFC phaseouts would not be taken as a precedent...
...CAPTION: CFC Offenders and Substitutes
...molecules would be destroyed. Admittedly, the energy requirement would still be exorbitant, but Stix believes that a 20-fold improvement in the overall efficiency of this approach could make it feasible. Even so, tens of thousands of lasers would have to be designed, tested and built before the first CFC molecule could get zapped. If this is the best idea for reviving the ozone layer, an ounce of prevention is worth more than many tons of cure...