Word: chaco
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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Locusts came from the west, from the wild Chaco region of Argentina, Bolivia and Paraguay. They swarmed into southern Brazil on a 60-mile front, blotting out the sun as they flew, making more noise than a squadron of diving planes. It took them four hours (at 9 m.p.h.) to fly over one village in Paranaá state. They blocked roads, stalled trains, invaded houses. They devastated eight towns, ate up an estimated 60,000 tons of wheat -more than half of Brazil's small but vital wheat crop...
...abroad by war. In 1865 they took on Uruguay, Argentina and Brazil in a five-year battle royal that ended only because Paraguay's able-bodied male population shrank to 28,000. Eleven years ago Paraguay outpointed Bolivia in South America's last war, over the Chaco. Paraguayans still allot almost half their budget to the military, supply Buenos Aires with its toughest cops, ablest soccer players, and remain convinced that, should they choose to extend their ancient, river-bound domain (see map), they could do so in any direction...
...return of one exile, ex-President José P. Guggiari, had been too much for volatile university students. They cherished an ancient grudge against him: his police had shot down students who demonstrated against concessions to Bolivia in the Chaco. That was on Oct. 23, 1931. Last month Guggiari got a rousing homecoming reception from members of his Liberal Party. As he spoke to them, an airplane emblazoned with the students' motto, "October 23- Rest in Peace," swept low. As the ex-President rode down Calle Palma, "assassin" and other insults glared from the walls. At the Pante...
...students broke into an arsenal. Up & down La Paz's hilly, cobblestoned streets they fought, establishing resistance points behind thick adobe walls. Sharpshooters who peppered the palace cut off Villarroel's escape. On Sunday, the revolutionists broke in. A few minutes later Villarroel, an Army major and Chaco war veteran, lay dead. His dictatorial regime, which began with a military coup in December 1943, had passed into Bolivia's troubled history...
Oxcart Economy. That has been Paraguay's leading question ever since Dictator Francisco Solano López's, lust for power led Paraguay to defeat in the bloody war with Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil (1865-1870). The debacle of the Chaco War with Bolivia (1929-38) had just about finished the job. It left Paraguay a back-country ruin...