Word: chahar
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...more trouble. Japanese reinforcements pouring all week long through Peiping, put the total Japanese force in North China under Lieut. General Kiyoshi Kazuki at well over 90,000 men. Through driving rain and mud hip-high to the short-legged Japanese, lines were pushed straight through to Kalgan in Chahar Province, giving Japan final control of the vitally important Nan-kow Pass and Peiping-Kalgan railroad, the line that Japan must have if she is to control North China (or ever attempt to attack Russia through southern Siberia...
...Japanese made one other major gain. With the help of Prince Te, a renegade Mongol who has long been a headache to the Nanking Government, Japanese troops, mainly from Manchukuo, battered their way from the North into Kalgan, the capital of Chahar on the Peiping-Suiyuan railroad. Ultimate aim of the Japanese was to take over the entire length of this railroad, thus thrusting a Japanese wedge between China and possible assistance from Sovietized Inner Mongolia...
Most decisive fight was the capture by Japanese of the twelve-mile-long Nankow pass, strategic gateway to Chahar Province. For 16 days Japanese battalions had struggled with dogged Chinese defenders in pouring rain and a sea of mud. Victory came when the Chinese flank on a 4,000 ft. ledge mounting the pass was turned by Japanese, who crossed the mountains to the west, savagely attacked from above with boulders and bayonets...
...next logical step would be to seat this Manchu Emperor on the Dragon Throne of his ancestors at Peiping. To engineer such a coup, Japan sent to China her master schemer and spy, Major General Kenji Doihara who intrigued and bribed for the five North China provinces of Hopei, Chahar, Suiyuan, Shansi and Shantung to set themselves up as "autonomous" and independent of the rest of China (TIME, Nov. 25, 1935 et seq.). At about this time a Mr. Yin Ju-keng, a toothy and unappetizing Chinese with potent Japanese in-laws, was set up by Japanese soldiers...
...autonomous puppet states carved from Chinese territory and under the tutelage of Japan are Manchukuo, and the more recent "Mongokuo" in outer Chahar Province (TIME, March 29). Eastern Hopei Province, almost adjoining Peiping, is equally but less formally under Japanese control, has as its executive a toothy Chinese puppet named Yin Ju-keng (TIME, May 11 et ante). Puppet Yin avoids interviewers, has a hearty dislike of being photographed with his chunky Japanese military advisers, but last week a snowstorm kept him overnight in the port of Tientsin and Correspondent A. T. Steele of the New York Times, visiting...