Word: chalcedon
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...Unlike the retired Chrysostomos, the new primate is an active ecumenist who has been a delegate for the church of Greece at several interfaith councils. Reflecting what may well become a new era of good feeling in Mediterranean Orthodoxy, Athenagoras last week sent his senior bishop, Metropolitan Meliton of Chalcedon, to represent him at the enthronement. Said Meliton, as he presented the new primate with a gold-handled pastoral staff: "It is high time that we proceed together...
...certain St. Frumentius, who was consecrated by the Patriarch of Alexandria in the 4th century. Along with the church of Egypt, Ethiopian Christians adopted the Monophysitic teaching that Jesus had one nature in which the human and divine were commingled-a doctrine that was condemned by the Council of Chalcedon in 451 A.D. Branded heretical, the Ethiopian Church gradually lost touch with the mainstream of Christianity and even with the Coptic Patriarchate of Alexandria, to which it is still theoretically subject. Since 1959, Ethiopia has had its own patriarch, the blind septuagenarian Basileos...
...dogmas of the Trinity. Condemning the thought of an Alexandrian priest named Arius, First Nicaea ruled that Christ was divine-"the only begotten of the Father, of the same substance with the Father." Ephesus anathematized the Nestorians, because they refused to acknowledge Mary as Theotokos, the Mother of God. Chalcedon condemned the Monophysites, for denying that Christ united a divine and a human nature in one person. The councils may have brought out the best in Christian teaching-but they sometimes brought out the worst in the men who attended them: at Ephesus, rival groups of bishops excommunicated one another...
...Roman Catholic reckoning, 20 councils deserve the name ecumenical-meaning councils representing the entire church in union with Rome. But Anglicans and many Protestants regard only the first four councils-Nicaea (325), Constantinople (381), Ephesus (431) and Chalcedon (451)-as ecumenical; Orthodox churches accept the ecumenicity of three more-the Second of Nicaea (787), the Second (553) and Third (680) of Constantinople. All the others, non-Catholics insist, are simple regional councils of the Latin church...