Word: changchun
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...autumn offensive of Communist General Lin Piao's "United Democratic Army" had begun Oct. 1. Pinching from both sides of the Mukden-Changchun railway, it had quickly crunched more than 100 miles of the Government-held corridor. Changchun itself, which the Japanese had planned as the modern stone & steel capital city of Manchuria, was surrounded., The big iron works at Anshan (or what remained after Russian removals following V-J day) were at the edge of the Nationalist line, 55 miles south of Mukden. Communists pressed nearer the great open-pit coal mines at Fushun...
...except Dairen and Port Arthur which are occupied by the troops of the Soviet Union. But Communist troops hold all the rest of Manchuria, except a long finger-shaped salient from Mukden to Kirin. This salient follows what was once the major railroad of Manchuria, passing through Szepingkai and Changchun. It is a railroad no longer. Communists have destroyed every bridge north of a point 30 miles to the south of Szepingkai. Most of the ties have been burned, and many of the rails twisted by placing them across the blazing ties...
...Changchun is held by the First Army, perhaps the best of all the Chinese Government armies. It was trained, clothed and equipped in Burma by General Stilwell. . . . But behind their gallant appearance there is little of the strength they had under American command. They have only American equipment. They have been using it ever since they fought beside our men in Burma. It is worn out. . . . Their rifles have been used so much that they will no longer shoot straight. . . . They have excellent American artillery but are so short of ammunition that they cannot fire a single practice shot. Their...
...Manchuria, the Government's hold was weaker than at any time in the 19 months since General Tu Yu-ming's troops recovered control from the Japanese. General Tu still held Mukden and Changchun (the capital), but the Communists camped on his line of communication with the south. Manchuria's great seacoast city of Dairen was still in Russian hands. There was little chance that General Tu could take Dairen if Russia did leave. General Tu's men were busy digging trenches and even medieval moats around the cities they still held, not looking for more...
Canceled Celebrations. Changchun had seen five armies since V-J day: first the Japanese, then the Russians to toss out the Japs, then the Chinese Nationalists, then (briefly) the Communists, finally General Tu and the Nationalists again. Changchun was getting a little tired of the fortunes of war. On one day last week fell the anniversary of the Communists' withdrawal from Changchun after their short 1946 occupancy. Reported Shanghai's Shun Pao: "It passed silently in a tense atmosphere. The prescheduled celebrations were given...