Word: changchun
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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When the Communists seized Changchun, Harbin and Tsisihar, Chiang ordered an all-out offensive. Was he wrong? Was a "military solution" (in the language of U.S. experts in China) ever possible? Or should Chiang have admitted Communists into his government-while allowing them to keep separate, Red-commanded army divisions...
...evacuation was Mukden (see map), site of the best arsenal in all China. Twice in the last fortnight Generalissimo Chiang Kai-shek had flown north to confer with General Wei Li-huang, Mukden's commander, and stir him to a more active defense. As the garrison from starving Changchun hacked southward to join the Mukden forces, Wei's columns drove down to retake the port of Yingkow, reopening Mukden to direct sea supply. More of Wei's troops thrust west to relieve Chinhsien...
Open Door. Wei's force did not make it, and last week Chinhsien fell. It had been a key link in the Nationalist lifeline to Mukden and Changchun. From Chinhsien, supplied by rail from North China and by sea through the port of Hulutao, the Nationalists had flung an airbridge to Mukden. Chinhsien's fall left Mukden dependent for supplies on Yingkow (which freezes over in November), and after that on the long and hazardous airlift from Peiping and Tientsin...
Under the Willows. From Tiehling to Hsinmin it is two days, via Mukden, where, as refugees note, "faces are bitter and prices even higher than in Changchun." At Hsinmin the Nationalist lines end again. South of that rail city lies the most terrible san-pu-kuan stretch of all, the notorious Liu Ho Ko, or Willow River Ditch. This no man's land belongs to bandits who dress in yellow jackets and black pants, carry white knapsacks and oiled-paper umbrellas. They lie in wait along a willow-lined ditch, jump up with drawn revolvers, shout...
...Gardens of Delight. From Chinchow the Nationalists run refugee trains to Shanhaikuan, where the Great Wall meets the sea. Here, for the first time, three weeks from Changchun, the wayfarers find a center set up to receive them...