Word: chapels
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...Daniel A. Poling, world-famed preacher, resigned last week from Philadelphia's Baptist Temple to assume direction of the Chapel of the Four Chaplains, a memorial to the four Army chaplains-two Protestant, one Catholic, one Jewish-who went down with the torpedoed troopship Dorchester in 1943 after giving their life belts to G.I.s. One of them was Dr. Poling's own son. The inter-faith memorial now being built in Philadelphia will have a Hebrew tabernacle, Catholic altar and Protestant altar on a revolving base...
Michelangelo began work on the chapel in 1520, when he was 45. He had finished the Sistine Ceiling, and the 20 months spent painting on his back had half blinded him (for some time he could read letters only by holding them over his head). The Sistine Ceiling had been a hymn to creation; the Medici Chapel, De Tolnay believes, was to be a more somber hymn to immortality. Michelangelo failed to finish it. After 14 years of constantly interrupted work, the master left Florence to paint the Last Judgment for Pope Paul III in Rome, and never got home...
Most sightseers remember the chapel as a high room lined with miscellaneous sculpture. Michelangelo, according to De Tolnay, had hoped it would be seen quite differently, as "an abbreviated image of the universe, with its spheres hierarchically ranged one above the other...
...expressions and gestures are not a bit Roman. They seem powerless and wise, but not with earthly knowledge. Giuliano seems to be "held upright by the magic of the Madonna at whom he is looking." The Virgin, with the Child at her breast, sits at the center of the chapel's end wall. She is the focal point around which Michelangelo's half-classical and half-Christian little universe is clustered...
Four in Reply. De Tolnay's interpretation of the Medici Chapel is a contribution to art history, but no one will ever know for sure whether it corresponds to what Michelangelo had in mind. The master himself wrote four lines of poetry about the chapel-an answer to the poet who had praised his Night figure. His poem, speaking in the person of Night (and translated by John Addington Symonds...