Word: charlier
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...Chinon where she convinced the king to send an army to defend the city of Orl?ans from the invading English. Leading these troops into battle, St. Joan later emerged victorious from the siege. The tests on the relics took around a year to complete and were led by Philippe Charlier, a forensic scientist at the Raymond Poincar? Hospital in Garches, near Paris. A leading figure in matters medieval and macabre, Charlier has used forensics to investigate the deaths of other historical figures. Following a series of tests in 2006 on the remains of Agn?s Sorel, mistress of Charles VII, whose...
...well as using carbon dating and infrared analysis, Charlier employed the unusual technique of olfacation, or sniffing. In a blind test, two smell experts from French perfumeries Guerlain and Jean Patou whiffed samples of burnt wood, decomposed bones and skin, and noted the odors. "The smells weren't all horrible," says Sylvain Delacourte of Guerlain. "Some were pleasant and fragrant." The predominant scent, vanilla, indicated that the relics came from a body that had decomposed naturally; the organic compound vanillin is produced during this process. Set alight while tied to a stake (three times over, if legend...
...kick-start employment. Indeed, the biggest fear is for French competitiveness. Across Europe, the costly brand of welfare capitalism that provided 30 days of vacation, inflexible work rules and ironclad job security is being dismantled to enhance productivity and create jobs. "My competitors are all non-French," says Gerard Charlier, head of a 70-employee firm that manufactures and exports casino chips. "They see what's going on here, and they're laughing...
...French press disclosed a sheet of printed instructions for a campaign of harassment against the film that included the use of tear gas. According to the weekend Journal du Dimanche, the instructions gave a Paris phone number belonging to the Centre Charlier, a fundamentalist Roman Catholic organization founded by Bernard Anthony, a National Front deputy in the European Parliament in Strasbourg. Anthony denied any connection to the attacks. But at week's end police were still investigating members of the Centre Charlier for possible involvement in l'affaire Temptation...
...ROGER H. CHARLIER Professor of Geology Chicago Teachers College North Chicago...