Word: charter
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Dates: during 1990-1999
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Barcelona's democratic traditions and sense of independence go back to the Middle Ages. There were menestrals -- shopkeepers and artisans -- on the Consell de Cent, or Council of One Hundred, the governing body of the city, in the 13th century. The city's charter of citizens' rights, the Usatges, or Usages, predates the Magna Carta by a century. And the Catalans' sense of otherness -- the separation, cultural and institutional, from the rest of Spain -- comes through loud and clear in the oath of allegiance their leaders swore to the Aragonese kings in the 15th century: "We, who are as good...
...walls Brundage built were not strong enough to withstand the inevitable in a world where sport has become a preeminent form of entertainment. Amid raging debate, in 1981 the word amateur was stricken from the Olympic charter. Unable to kill the sacred calf itself, the I.O.C. turned over eligibility rules to the individual sports federations in 1987, and the transitions that followed were haphazard and often unfair...
...common ancestry, language, history and culture should have its own state and write its own laws goes back more than a century. The principle of self-determination got a big boost from Woodrow Wilson at the end of World War I, and in 1945 was written into the Charter...
...president and Fellows make up the Harvard Corporation, which is invested with ultimate control over the University by colonial charter. This board approves appointments and oversees the allotment of millions of dollars in each year's operating budget...
Perot has acknowledged lately that Margot's $1,000 check to get EDS started, which he keeps as a memento, represented only the registration fee Texas required to charter a new corporation. He and his wife had, and used, a great deal more than that to launch EDS. Perot was making $20,000 a year as a part- time employee of Texas Blue Cross-Blue Shield, and Margot brought home a second salary as a full-time schoolteacher. This, however, is a rare case of Perot deflating a tall story; more distressing than any of the disputes about individual incidents...