Word: charterer
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Among Third World nations, India has often seemed the most faithful to its U.S.-inspired constitutional ideals. The world's largest democracy included a declaration of "fundamental rights" in its 1949 charter and backed them up by borrowing the U.S. system of judicial review. "Thank God they put in the fundamental rights," says Nani Palkhivala, a constitutional expert who was India's Ambassador to Washington in the late 1970s. He observes, "Since 1947 we have had more harsh and repressive laws than were ever imposed under British rule." Indian courts, however, overturned most of them...
...construed to endorse the passions of the moment, is the subject of this imaginative book by a Pulitzer-prizewinning Cornell University historian, Michael Kammen. Kammen rummages through two centuries of sources, including news clippings, speeches, textbooks and public opinion polls, to gauge how Americans have regarded their own charter of government...
Freedom of the press finds its broadest charter in the First Amendment but has been clarified over the years by the courts. In the 1964 Supreme Court ! decision in New York Times v. Sullivan, the Justices held that vigorous comment about public officials' performances of their duties was vitally deserving of protection. So it added to the traditional elements of libel -- falsity and damage to reputation -- a third factor involving the journalist's state of mind: "actual malice." In order to prevail in court, public officials would have to show that a reporter knew the story to be false...
America salutes the charter by which it lives...
...worshiped, if not always read. But the Constitution has its other, mundane life down at sea level, where wants and ideals crash into one another. Every year the U.S. reinvents the meaning of the document. In this special issue TIME organizes its usual sections under language from the charter and celebrates the continued vibrancy of those words in every aspect of our lives...