Word: chechenization
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...September, some of the largest terrorist bombs ever repeatedly rocked Moscow--clearly challenging the psychological security of Russians. Though it is uncertain who planted these bombs, Russia has claimed it was Chechen terrorists and has used the guise of "anti-terrorist action" to launch a brutal offensive against the region of Chechnya. The charge of blame against Chechens is unverified, so far, but the campaign has garnered the approval of 60 to 80 percent of the Russian people...
...course, signing lofty undertakings isn't the same as acting on them, and even as Ivanov was putting pen to paper Thursday, Russia continued its heavy bombing and shelling of Chechen villages, in which 170 people were killed, according to Agence France Presse. Decisions on the Chechnya operation are in the hands of the military and President Yeltsin, and neither is likely to set much store by new European security agreements. If Western Europe is given any role in Chechnya, it looks more likely to be in caring for the hundreds of thousands of refugees created by Russia's ongoing...
...Russian nuclear submarine Wednesday test-fired two ballistic missiles - the third Russian missile test in a month. "We can expect a lot of bluster from Yeltsin," says Meier. "And even a dramatic gesture wouldn?t be surprising." That could be sparked by the presence of representatives of the besieged Chechen government. Unconfirmed reports suggest the OSCE may have invited members of President Aslan Mashkadov's government to discuss the Chechnya crisis. "If that proves true, it would be a major slap in the face to Moscow," says Meier. And one that couldn't go unanswered: Yeltsin may want to wear...
...actually stiffen the resolve of the generals to fight on," says Meier. "The last thing they want is to be seen to be caving into the West." But some in the military hierarchy are also wary of being caught in the potential quagmire of a guerrilla war in a Chechen winter. If anything, though, that fear may propel them to accelerate the timetable of their Chechnya campaign. So the question may become not whether the Russians plan to capture Grozny, but whether they're prepared to pay the price for holding...
...hard to fight an enemy that doesn't fight back. If Russia moves to seize their capital, Grozny, Chechen fighters are likely to simply retreat into the hills rather than fight to the end. That pattern was established Friday, when Russian troops advanced into Chechnya's second city, Gudermes, only to find its Chechen defenders already gone. "Chechen sources say most of their fighters are retreating into the mountains and drawing Russia into the cities as winter sets in," says TIME Moscow correspondent Andrew Meier. "They see it as a trap, because winter will hamper the Russian attack helicopters...