Word: chemistic
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...climate modelers trying to simulate ozone loss in the atmosphere had not yet factored in the presence of ice clouds in the Antarctic stratosphere. Thus their models failed to predict the existence of the ozone hole. After the hole was finally stumbled upon two years ago, Susan Solomon, a chemist at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration in Boulder, and Rolando Garcia, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research, plugged more numbers into NCAR's computer model to account for the Antarctic ice clouds. Bang! The hole appeared...
...Arenas project confirmed the bad news. Not only was the ozone hole more severely depleted than ever before -- fully 50% of the gas had disappeared during the polar thaw, compared with the previous high of 40%, in 1985 -- but the CFC connection was more evident. Notes Sherwood Rowland, a chemist at the University of California at Irvine: "The measurements are cleaner this time, more detailed. They're seeing the chemical chain more clearly...
...millenniums, the process of ozone production and destruction has been more or less in equilibrium. Then in 1928 a group of chemists at General Motors invented a nontoxic, inert gas (meaning that it does not easily react with other substances) that was first used as a coolant in refrigerators. By the 1960s, manufacturers were using similar compounds, generically called chlorofluorocarbons, as propellants in aerosol sprays. As industrial chemicals, they were ideal. "The propellants had to be inert," says Chemist Ralph Cicerone, of the National Center for Atmospheric Research. "You didn't want the spray in a can labeled 'blue paint...
Anton Hopfinger, a chemist at the Chicago campus of the University of Illinois, is using computer graphics to identify the site where adriamycin, a chemotherapy drug, binds to cancer cells. "Molecular graphics has been a real boon to the study of large molecules and proteins," he says. "You can think of it as the equivalent of landing an airplane on an aircraft carrier, except in this case you're sitting on the drug molecule and landing on the DNA molecule. If you didn't have graphics, it would be like being blind and still trying to land on the aircraft...
...working since right after Christmas," says Physicist J.T. Chen of Wayne State University in Detroit. "We do experiments almost every day. Sometimes we sleep only three or four hours. Maybe it was like this when the transistor was invented, but in my personal experience this is unique." Says Japanese Chemist Kohji Kishio: "The race is for the Nobel Prize...