Word: chiangs
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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When it came to preaching to his army, his officials, and to a whole generation of students, Chiang seldom quoted the Bible. He stressed four old traditional ideas: Li ("regulated attitude"), I ("right conduct"), Lien ("honesty") and Chih ("integrity and honor"). Out of these came Chiang's "New Life Movement," which symbolized the new China; it included strictures against everything from bribery to wiping the nose on the sleeve...
...gave especially patient attention to the training of China's new army, lecturing his Whampoa Academy graduates like a Chinese father. There were good reasons. The Communists were still a constant threat to Nationalist China-and Japanese intentions were perfectly plain to Chiang. But in 1931, when Japan occupied Manchuria, Chiang was cautious. He was still building his Whampoa-trained army. Said he: "We exhort the entire nation to maintain a dignified calm...
...December 1936, the Nationalist garrison at Sian, facing Communist guerrilla forces, laid down their arms and refused to fight "fellow Chinese" any longer. Like their commander, Marshal Chang Hsueh-liang ("The Young Marshal"), most of them were from Manchuria, and they wanted to fight the Japanese, if anybody. Chiang flew immediately to Sian to investigate...
...Sian generals demanded that he fight Japan. When he refused to listen to "demands," they made him a prisoner. For two weeks, while the world wondered if he were dead, Chiang stonily refused to deal with his captors. "If you want to shoot me," he said, "do so at once." He raged because his government in Nanking did not blast Sian from the air. "Why don't they bomb us!" he repeated over & over...
When shooting broke out the night of his arrest, Chiang leaped from a rear window in his underwear. He scaled a ten-foot wall, stumbled into a deep moat and wrenched his back but climbed out and ran until he fell again, tripped by brambles in the darkness. He lost his false teeth. When overtaken, he once more insisted on being shot or sent back to Nanking...