Word: chicanos
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...unlike earlier generations of poor students, and like the middle-class revolutionaries, they tend to define success in terms of making a contribution to society rather than making money. "I think the most important thing I can do with my life is to use my education to help chicano communities," says John Gonzales. He hopes to work for a big-city newspaper covering Mexican-American communities. "I know both sides, so I can write as a liaison between the chicano and the white neighborhoods," he says. Education is "the key" to improving society, says Olga Mike, who dreams of becoming...
...Chicano: Mexican American. A shortened, corrupted form of Mexicano, with the first syllable dropped and the "x" pronounced like ch in cheese, in the fashion of Mexico's Chihuahua Indians...
...majority work as unskilled or semiskilled labor in factories and packing plants, or in service jobs as maids, waitresses, yard boys and deliverymen. Particularly in Texas, Mexican Americans sometimes get less pay than others for the same work. Even the few who have some education do not escape discrimination. Chicano women find that jobs as public contacts at airline ticket counters are rarely open; they are welcome as switchboard operators out of the public eye. Mexican-American men who work in banks are assigned to the less fashionable branches. Promotions come slowly, responsibility hardly ever...
...Americans average eight years of schooling, two years less than Negroes and a full four years less than whites. Often they are forced to learn English from scratch in the first grade, and the frequent result is that they become not bilingual but nearly nonlingual. In Texas, 40% of Chicanos are considered functionally illiterate. In Los Angeles, only an estimated 25% can speak English fluently. Chicano children in some rural areas are still punished for speaking Spanish in school. Only this year, Chicano students at Bowie High School in El Paso?in a predominantly Mexican-American section ?managed...
...Chicano is as vulnerable to mistreatment at the hands of the law as the black. Seven Mexicans were beaten by drunken policemen at a Los Angeles police station on Christmas Eve, 1952; six of the officers were eventually given jail terms. During an 18-month period ending last April, the American Civil Liberties Union received 174 complaints of police abuses from Los Angeles Mexican Americans. Two of the recent landmark Supreme Court decisions limiting police questioning of suspects involved Mexican Americans?Escobedo v. Illinois and Miranda v. Arizona. Many Mexicans still look on the Texas Rangers and U.S. border patrols...