Word: children
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...their claims of being genuinely innovative. The great majority of community projects have adopted a highly experimental program developed in British primary schools and used there with great success. The British program is the antithesis of highly structured, authoritarian public school techniques. Community schools permit even kindergarten children large amounts of freedom in choosing what they want to study. Children flow freely between age-grouping according to ability and inclination. Grading is anathema and testing itself is frowned upon. Most of the schools are just now getting around to evaluating the achievement of their students, using tests specially developed...
...even if community schools have not been tagged and packaged acording to conventional educational standards, the most casual classroom visitor cannot resist an overpowering feeling that the schools are immensely successful. The feeling is probably caused by features which are as much political as curricular. Community school children are alert and resourceful. They like to come to school (white public schools must fight staggering absentee problems). Above all, they seem happy. Why? Because the schools are filled with people who know them intimately and like them. In community schools, the community is part of the school and the school...
...Usually, the more intimate and limited the community served, the more jealous are parents of their power. Both the Roxbury Community School and the East Harlem Block Schools a community school in New York's East Harlem, serve circumscribed areas and have nosy parent groups. The New School for children, which drawn students from all over Roxbury, leaves considerably more discretion in the hands of headmistress Joyce Grant...
...BEEN A SHORT STEP from building confidence to agitating for more general reforms. The Roxbury Community school has organized rent strikes in its Roxbury-Dorchester community. The Children's Community School in New York City regularly sends delegates to New York School Board hearings, and the Harlem Black Schools have been fighting various regulations of New York City's Division of Day Care, which helps fund the school...
...spirit of constructive cooperation and egalitarianism which surrounds community schools has suggestive parallels in an institution characteristic of a very different culture and environment: the Israeli Kibbutz. Bruno Bettleheim, the psychiatrist, has suggested that nothing short of lifting ghetto children out of the ghetto environment, and placing them in a "comprehensive" environment conducive to learning, can quickly boost ghetto children to an educational parity with whites. Bettleheim pointed to the kibbutz as the kind of communal surrounding capable of accomplishing such an effort. The community school ethos may be able to capture the best of the kibbutz and the best...