Word: chileanization
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Dates: during 1970-1979
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...Robinson Rojas Sanford makes clear in The Murder of Allende, the weakness of Allende's political power was trivial compared to the threat of military rebellion. The Chilean armed forces, whose function until then had been to deter an unlikely Peruvian invasion and to suppress internal dissent, clearly held veto power over the Popular Unity government. But Allende, though imprisoned by these restrictions, refused to acknowledge them, speaking as though socialism had taken hold in Chile. His temerity and the myth of an apolitical armed forces made the coup a great surprise to those who had believed...
...socialist reformism of Allende and the raw power of the military. Rojas argues that the military and its cohorts decided to stop Allende as soon as it appeared that he would win the 1970 presidential elections. Acting in harmony or actual conspiracy with the Pentagon, the CIA, "the Chilean oligopolists, and the North American multinationals," they first attempted to defeat him through parliamentary maneuvers, economic sabotage, or a victory in the 1973 congressional elections. When it became apparent that his popular support was growing, they carefully prepared to take power without provoking a civil war and then...
...Chilean armed forces had a tradition of non-involvement that was rare in Latin America, but Rojas shows that only disagreements among three factions within the military postponed the coup until September 1973. The "reformists" wanted to run the country alone; the "hardliners" wanted to give power back to the centrist parties immediately; the "constitutionalists" wanted to enter into a coalition government, with Allende on hand to "control the masses." The deterioration of a compromise worked out by the "constitutionalist" generals--as well as the knowledge that powerful Chilean industrialists and the United States government urged intervention--precipitated the coup...
...fervent antiCommunist, the rail-thin Videla (his barracks nickname is El Hueso, the bone) will probably appoint a civilian Economy Minister who favors business and a Foreign Minister who supports strong ties with the U.S. For the moment, his main concern seems to be to avoid the kind of Chilean-style repression that might anger world opinion and frighten away foreign investors. Isabel herself may be allowed to fly into exile, probably to Spain; if she does stand trial, it is likely to be for a relatively minor offense, such as misuse of public funds...
Civil war in Angola erupted against last fall after the breakdown of the coalition government's elections. The October, 1975 polling has little in common with the Chilean fiasco, where a socialist regime attempted to assume power through the ballot box, leaving intact the fascist network of its predecessors. Rather in Angola the population had already fought an arduous 14 year war against the Portuguese minority regime for the very sake of establishing a socialist state under majority rule. During the transitional period last year, the Portuguese Armed Forces Movement conducted and published monthly polls on the relative popularity...