Word: chinook
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Dates: during 1940-1949
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...similar wind, called the chinook, descends the slopes of the Rockies...
...express Canada's gratitude to the onetime Supreme Allied Commander, this legendary home of the chinook winds, familiar to every tourist who has taken the road from Banff to Lake Louise in a famous Canadian national park, had been renamed Mount Eisenhower...
With the help of man-made ladders and elevators, the Chinook managed to get over Bonneville (170 feet high), but was stopped cold by the 553-ft. Grand Coulee Dam 450 miles farther upstream. In the last three years, Grand Coulee (aided by river pollution and other liabilities of civilization) has cut the Chinook population in half. And the salmon's troubles are only beginning. The Army and the Department of the Interior have high-priority postwar plans to build eight more great dams on the Columbia-which might mean the fish's finish...
...Fish and Wildlife Service has worked out a breathtaking scheme to make all this water power possible and salmon, too. This "most tremendous biological experiment in American history," described in the February Harper's by Richard L. Neuberger, is nothing less than a plan to teach the Chinook to forget the Columbia headwaters, spawn instead in the streams below Bonneville...
When the new-hatched Chinook had grown to fingerlings, they were marked (by fin-clipping) and dumped out to swim to the Pacific. When, four years later, the full-grown fish swam back up the Columbia to spawn, the biologists watched them anxiously. Sure enough, instead of heading for the waters above Grand Coulee, as their parents had done, the fish swam up the lower streams into which they had been dumped as fingerlings, and spawned there...