Word: chip
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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With a historical chip of this weight on the workingman's shoulder, it is hardly surprising that strikes have erupted because a foreman used a four-letter word in addressing workers, because the tea was not made exactly to the employees' liking, because the number of sausages in factory-canteen sandwiches was cut from two to one, or because three brewery workers were fired for guzzling more than their traditional two free pints of beer on the job. A Bristol shipyard was struck for three weeks when boilermakers and shipwrights clashed over who should trace a pencil line...
...number of angels that could stand on the head of a pin never found a satisfactory answer. Contemporary scientists who are just as doggedly determined to see how much gadgetry they can cram into about the same amount of space have made remarkable progress. On a barely visible chip of silicon as small as one-twentieth of an inch square, they can now produce complex and virtually trouble-free electronic circuits containing more than 80 built-in transistors, diodes, resistors and capacitors...
These tiny devices-called integrated circuits because their components are built as inseparable parts of one solid chip-are already displacing the transistor as the glamour product of the electronics industry (see following color pages). First developed in 1958 by Texas Instruments Engineer Jack Kilby while he was tinkering in the laboratory during a hot summer vacation, integrated circuits (or ICs) did not become generally available until 1962, when design improvements and refinement of production techniques allowed electronics companies to turn out some 60,000 a year. In 1966, the industry will produce 35 million ICs worth $150 million...
...hundreds of thousands, and even millions of separate components and interconnections, it became increasingly probable that at any given time they could be disabled by a single faulty part or connection. By the use of pretested ICs, each with scores of virtually indestructible components permanently connected within a solid chip, the probability of failure has been reduced...
International Tone. By any other standard, the '66 market is bad enough. Since February, the industrial average has declined on 80 trading days v. gains on only 53; during the first 20 Big Board trading days in August, 15 ended up with the index off. Where the blue-chip stocks had been taking the brunt of the beating since February, last week glamour stocks inevitably began to follow them down. Xerox lost 15⅝ in a day, Fairchild Camera fell 14⅜, and Motorola on the final day of trading plunged 23¾ points, from...