Word: cholera
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...resources. The World Health Organization estimates that 90 percent of the world’s health-related research addresses only 10 percent of global disease burden, leaving many diseases neglected by the modern research enterprise. These “neglected tropical diseases” (NTDs) include schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, hookworm, cholera, and malaria, and account for nearly a million and a half deaths per year...
...toll. At the same time, climate models suggest that rain could become less frequent overall but more intense when it does fall, leading to a double whammy. Longer and fiercer droughts in some areas will worsen hunger, but severe rainstorms carry an increased risk of water-borne diseases like cholera. "It's not just warming, it's climate change," says Patz. "It's changing the air cycle, creating more extreme flooding, more extreme droughts...
...Western immorality or the superior path of Islam. Instead, Adam Ibrahim Lagame talked about drought, poverty and starvation. It hadn't rained for a year. No aid had reached Hosingo since UNICEF built a school in 1996. "People are about to start dying here," said Adam. "The children have cholera and diarrhea. We have no food. Even if anyone was willing to come to help us, we have to have a telephone to tell them that we need them. You're the first white people we've seen in years." We asked about the militant bases in the area. Adam...
...most foreign substances in the body trigger an immune-system defense, many illegal drugs, like cocaine, fail to do so because their molecules are too small; they slip into the brain unnoticed and unchallenged. But by attaching them to larger proteins - in the case of TA-CD, an inactivated cholera protein that has been widely tested and is unlikely to cause side effects, according to researchers - the immune system is prompted to create antibodies to both the larger protein and the piggybacked drug. The next time the user takes cocaine by itself, the body mounts an automatic defense: Antibodies attach...
...1970s University of Chicago researchers prompted monkeys to develop antibodies to heroin by attaching molecules of the drug to a protein from cow's blood. It was this model on which Kosten, who became interested in solving addiction as a medical student at Cornell, based TA-CD. Using the cholera bacterium as a vector is a crucial tweak in design; it allows the cocaine vaccine to sidestep the potential viral syndrome associated with other vaccines, such as Cytos's experimental anti-nicotine vaccine, which is delivered via virus, Kosten says. And because cocaine addiction is most severe in Western countries...