Word: cholesterol
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Dates: during 1950-1959
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Eskimos & Bantu. This advance in knowledge of the relationship between diet and heart disease has been based on the highly advertised facts that in most heart-attack victims 1) blood carries an excess of fat compounds called beta-lipoproteins, which contain cholesterol (a fatty alcohol); and 2) the coronary arteries are usually lined with cholesterol. While the body makes some cholesterol of its own, the amount in fatty foods seems to be important. For a while it was thought that there was a significant difference between animal and vegetable fats. The countries where coronary disease is the No. 1 killer...
...Bantu; there were no Eskimos handy for him to test in South Africa. But there were seals around the South African coast, so why not feed the Eskimo staple-seal oil-to the Bantu? Bronte-Stewart tried it, and found that the oil acted as a kind of cholesterol depressor. After a high-fat diet-ten eggs a day-the Bantu's blood cholesterol rose sharply, dropped again when seal oil was added to the food. But Bronte-Stewart had already noted the same effect from sunflower-seed oil. Evidently, the dividing line between fats that raise blood cholesterol...
...from vegetables, fish and marine mammals are "unsaturated," i.e., their molecular structure is such that there is room for some extra hydrogen atoms. Most animal fats (including butter and egg yolks) are "saturated." It is Bronte-Stewart's and Jolliffe's theory that saturated fats help raise cholesterol levels while unsaturated fats help lower them...
Hardening of the arteries (arteriosclerosis) is the No. 1 killer among diseases in the U.S., leads to heart attacks, strokes, hemorrhages. Most researchers and practicing specialists have come to believe that arteriosclerosis comes mainly from excess amounts of cholesterol, a fatty substance that clogs the blood vessels. Last week, in a report, Dr. Herman T. Blumenthal, 43, laboratory director of St. Louis' Jewish Hospital, dealt prevailing opinion a rude shock. His thesis, supported by ten years of research: emotional stress is the main cause of arteriosclerosis. How does it work? Fluctuating blood pressure, working against the walls...
Pointing out that metabolic changes due to aging as well as localized inflammations, e.g., syphilis and TB, play a minor role, Blumenthal evolved his thesis through an intensive study of hemodynamics-the mechanics of blood flow and pressure within arterial walls. Cholesterol is carried evenly through the body with the blood. But neither stress on arterial walls nor hardening of the arteries is uniform; both tend to coincide at artery junctions, just as water forced through a pipe exerts greatest pressure at the joints. To stay healthy the arterial wall must remain elastic, expanding and contracting with blood pressure. Normal...