Word: cholesterol
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Dates: during 1960-1969
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...greatest killer in the U.S., where it claims 500,000 lives a year, twice as many as cancer. The death rate from prime-of-life heart attacks goes up, roughly, with the concentration of fats in the blood. Most biochem ists divide these circulating fatty substances into four groups: cholesterol, fatty acids, phospholipids, and triglycerides, some of them "free," some of them combined with proteins or with one another...
Sold by Cincinnati's William S. Merrell Co. under the trade name MER/29, triparanol was supposed to lower the level of cholesterol in the blood and, presumably, reduce the risk of heart attacks. But too many people who took the drug later went bald, became impotent, or went blind from an unusual form of cataract. In applying for approval of MER/29, said FDA, Merrell improperly withheld information already in its files that triparanol had caused cataracts in animals...
...heart attack and another severe high blood pressure. The rest were in good health, but all of them had become soft from lack of exercise, and their blood contained abnormally high levels of complex chemicals known as serum triglycerides, which some experts now regard as more important than cholesterol in setting the stage for artery disease and heart attacks...
...operations performed unwisely all over the country, Dr. Buchwald emphasized that surgical teams in university medical centers should keep a monopoly on the procedure for a few years. It will take at least a year, he said, to be sure that the operation's effectiveness in lowering blood cholesterol is reasonably permanent, and four or five years and many more cases to see whether this helps the patients to live longer...
...first four patients to have the operation had cholesterol levels rising to more than double the normal U.S. range. After their operations, these four show reductions averaging 40%, bringing their cholesterol levels down to the normal range, or close...